To study the frequency of schistosomiasis in pathologic urogenital tract specimens among Yemeni patients. This is a descriptive, retrospective study in which 24456 pathologic records of 547 patients, who underwent urinary bladder biopsies from bladder tumors or suspicious lesions discovered incidentally during endoscopic evaluation and those who ultimately had radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for invasive bladder cancer, were reviewed in Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University Sana'a in Sana'a, Yemen between January 2005 and September 2009. The total number of specimens dealt with in this study was 547 patients with a mean age of 54.04±17.1 years. Pathologic review showed schistosomiasis in 99 (18%) patients of whom schistosoma associated bladder cancer was reported in 39 (39%) patients and schistosomiasis with no pathologic evidence of malignancy in 60 (61%) patients. The cell type of schistosoma associated bladder cancer was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in 6 (15%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 28 (72%), Verrucous carcinoma in 2 (5%), urothelial with squamous differentiated cancer in 2 (5%) and infiltrative adenocarcinoma of the prostate in 1 (3%) patients. Out of 547 patients with no pathologic evidence of schistosomiasis, 308 were reported to have non schistosoma associated bladder cancer. The cancer cell type was TCC in 243 (79%), SCC in 43 (14%), adenocarcinoma in 8 (3%), small cell cancer 1 (0.31%), rhabedmyosarcoma in 3 (1%) and suspect of cancer in 10 (3%) patients. Schistosoma associated bladder cancer is still a problem in Yemen as well as other endemic countries. Although the major histological cell type of such cancer in Yemen was SCC, while the TCC is the most common type of cancer among patients in non schistosomiasis. Keywords: Schistosomiasis, urinary tract, bladder cancer, cystoscopy specimen.