Introduction: Surgical site infection is a serious complication associated with considerable morbidity and it has been reported that over one-third of postoperative deaths are related at least in part, to SSI. SSI can double the length of postoperative hospital stay, increase the rate of readmissions after discharge as well as increase the likelihood of ICU admission, and thereby increase the costs of provided health care services[1]. The prevalence of SSI varies greatly between countries. In Western countries, SSI occurs at a rate of 2-15% in general surgery [2]. However, in developing countries, the frequency of SSI among general surgery patients can reach up to 26.8% in Egypt [3]. Patients and Methods: This study evaluates the perioperative conditions responsible for the occurrence of SSI following emergency abdominal operations in the Emergency Department, Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospitals. It is a descriptive prospective case series study including 42 cases aged 20 to 60 years for a period of 6 months from 1 January, to 30 June, 2016. Results: SSI occurred in 42.9% of the study group with count 18 of total 42 patients. SSI occurrence was found to be higher in cigarette smokers and hashish smokersas well as tramadol abusers. E. coli was the most isolated micro-organism which was constituted 10 out of 23 organisms and a percent of 43.5%. Conclusion: Pre-existing medical illness, prolonged operating time, the wound class, and wound contamination strongly predispose to wound infection. A very high incidence of SSI is found at Kasr AlAiny Emergency Hospital reaching 42.9%, E. coli was the most frequently isolated micro-organism, with emergence of drug resistant strains. Old age, lengthening of the operation, smoking hashish, abuse of tramadol and HCV are all found to increase the incidence of SSI. Kewy Words: Surgical site infection, Wound class, Incidence, Risk factors, Causative organisms.